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VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds), which is fatal to human body, is the general term of organic compounds which causes photochemical oxidation reaction with NOx by sun light in the atmosphere, and increases ozone concentration of the earth’s surface, and finally makes smog phenomenon, it has hundreds of kinds.

It is said that VOC is discharged the most within 6 months after new building construction.

It was reported that in foreign countries, harmful materials are discharged from the adhesives which is in common use to stick tiles or the floor 10 years after the construction.

When exposed to VOC of high concentration, acute disease such as narcosism (suppression the central nervous system), dizziness, paralysis, and death can occur.

Pollutants and disease occurred inside the building

Main reason	Materials	Disease
Smoke gas, adhesives, paint remover	Benzene	Hemostasis function troubles
construction materials, Refrigerant of refrigeration system(Freon)	Halid hydrocarbon	Liver poisonous, arrhythmia, sudden death, carcinogenic
Artificial fabrics, Synthetic resin	Methanol	Loss of eyesight, decline of pulmonary function, carcinogenic
Lumber, adiabatic materials, carpet, veneer adhesives	Formaldehyde	Allergic dermatitis,
Paint, wax for the floor, varnish, dyes, wall paper	Toluene, xylene	Vomiting, illusion, nausea, Impotent feeling
Material wood, leather couch	Borate	Stimulation to eyes, Decline of reproduction function
Extract of edible oil, adhesive solvent, synthetic leather finishing stuff, precision instrument cleaner	Normal hexane	Peripheral nerve disease

Place	Harmful materials	Purification environment effect
Hospital	Agent of disease, origin of germs infection, various germs, offensive odor	Antibiotic, deodorization, protection from secondary infection in the hospital
washroom	Offensive odor, ammonia, dirt	Deodorization, antipollution
Indoor	Dirt, harmful materials of tobacco	Antibiotic, deodorization, antipollution
Institution for the aged	Agent of disease, colon bacilli, various germs	Antibiotic ,protection from infection, Deodorization
Meal service, food	Colon bacilli such as O-157, offensive odor, dirt, seasonal bacilli	inhibition various bacilli, deodorization, antibiotic, antipollution
Food depository	Various bacilli	Antibiotic, antipollution
Automobile	Offensive odor, dirt, various bacilli	Deodorization, antibiotic, antipollution
Refrigerator	Offensive odor, dirt, various bacilli	Deodorization, antibiotic, antipollution
Fluorescent lamp		Antipollution, antibiotic
Pet center	pet’s excretions and odor	Antibiotic, deodorization
Bathroom	Mold, incrustation, grime, drainage way odor	Mold prevention, antibacilli
Outside a building	Auto exhausts	Self cleaning

1. Increase of the time staying indoor (90% of 24 hours)

2. Increase of harmful hormone materials due to industrial pollution

3. Harmful gas warning-VOCs are 3~4 times of European standard

4. Frequent yellow sand due to extraordinary climate (including photochemical smog and ozone creation material)

5. Legal control (pollutant due to industrial development)

■ Control of indoor air in the multipurpose utility facilities ■
[Ministry of Environment]

(Obligatory from May 30, 2004)

Multipurpose facilities controlled by the law will be expanded to 17 facilities suchas terminals, parking lots, libraries, hospitals from underground station buildings, andunderground shopping centers.

<Multipurpose facilities>

Facility name	Scope
Underground station buildings	Every underground station building
Underground shopping center, passenger terminal, waiting room of the terminal, indoor parking lot	Total area over 2000 m²
Passenger terminal of port facilities	Total area over 1500 m²
Terminal among port facilities	Total area over 5000m²
Library, Museum, art gallery	Total area over 5000m²
Medical institution( more than 100 beds)	Total area over 5000m²
Underground funeral place, national nursery institution, national institution for the aged, pay institution for medical treatment, hospital especially designed for the aged,	Total area over 5000m²
Facilities for fomentation	Total area over 5000m²
Facilities for the convalescence after childbirth	Total area over 5000m²
Huge shops	Every huge shop

■ The person who is in charge of maintenance of multipurpose facilities has to be educated in the institute which is arranged by Ministry of Environment within 1 year from Jan 1, 2005.

■ The maintenance standard of the indoor air quality concerning fine dust, and formaldehyde has been established, and it should be observed.

<Indoor air maintenance standard>

pollutant ▷ facilities ▽	PM10 (㎍/㎡)	CO2 (ppm)	HCHO (㎍/㎡)	Total floating bacilli (CFU/㎡)	CO (ppm)
Underground station building, Underground shopping center, Waiting room of Passenger terminal, waiting room of train station, passengers’ terminal of air port facilities, waiting room of port facilities, library, museum, art gallery, funeral place, facilities for fomentation, huge shops	Under150	Under1,000	Under120	-	Under10
Medical institution, nursery institution, medical institution for the aged, Facilities for the convalescence after childbirth				Under800	Under10
Indoor parking lot					Under25

■ The person responsible for maintenance of the facilities should measure the pollutants and submit the result to the provincial governor.

■ The person who constructs the multipurpose facilities should install the air purifying equipments and ventilation equipments over certain standard.

■ It has been decided to report construction materials that release pollutants such as formaldehyde, TVOC over the standard and not to use in the facilities.

■ Indoor air quality maintenance of new apartment houses ■

After the enforcement of the law, the constructers who build new apartment house of more than 100 families should measure the pollutants before the moving in, and post a notice on the places where can be easily found for 60 days when they apply for the business plan approval or building permit.

Water pollutants	Aromatic organic acid, phenol, alcohol. Surfactant (organic phosphate compounds, nitrogenous compounds), coloration substance (aromatic hydrocarbon), cyanide, heavy metal, crude petroleum, organic chlorine compounds (trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, PCB, etc,)
Air pollutants	organic chlorine compounds, volatile hydrocarbon, aldehyde, alcohol, phenol, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxidized substance, sulfur oxidized substance

Centering on the developed countries centering around Japan, the regulations concerning the environment tends to reinforce. As a result, the regulations concerning the environment pollution will be reinforced, and these regulations will work as an important inducement of the photocatalyst industry activation.

Classification	Maintenance standard of indoor environment	Foreign standard
Floating carbon monoxide	150 10	150 (Japanese law concerning building hygiene maintenance, Japanese law concerning labor safety and hygiene l) 10(Japanese law concerning building hygiene maintenance , Japanese law concerning labor safety and hygiene) 20 (Japanese school hygiene standard) 9(WHO standard, 8hours) 35( WHO standard, 1hour)
carbon monoxide(ppm)	1,000	1000(standard of construction, building, labor safety hygiene) 1500( school environment standard, Japan) 920(WHO standard, 8hours)
Temperature/relative humidity, air current, Illumination, bacilli, carbon dioxide (ppm)	Keep 17~18c/ 40~70% 0.5 m/sec Keep over 100 lux - - -	10~30 (standard of school environment , Japan) 30~80%(standard of school environment , Japan) - over 200 lux(standard of school environment , Japan) more than 30 0.21( European standard) 5( Industry hygiene allowance, Japan.)
Sulfurous acid gas(ppm)	-	5( Industry hygiene allowance, Japan) 0.04(일본 공해 대책 기본법)
Formaldehyde(ppm)	-	0.1( European standard) 2( Industry hygiene allowance, Japan)
Asbestos(unit/cc)	-/-	0.01(유럽 석면 긴급 대책법) / 2( Industry hygiene allowance, Japan)
Radon(Bq/m2)	-	100 (WHO New built residence in Europe) 70 (New built residence in Sweden) 100 (Ministry of Science & technology, Japan) 3700 (Department of mine hygiene, USA)